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Centroheliozoa

Classification by
 

Cellular life
 Eukaryota
 Acantharea
 Acritarchs
 Alveolates
 Apusomonads
 Breviatea
 Centroheliozoa
 Centrohelida
 Acanthocystidae
 Heterophryidae
 Raphidiophryidae
 Cercomonadida
 Chitinozoa
 Chlorarachniophytes
 Copromyxids
 Cryptomonads
 Desmothoracids
 Dimorphids
 Ebriids
 Euglenozoa
 Excavates
 Fonticulids
 Glaucocystophytes
 Granuloreticulosa
 Gymnophrea
 Gymnosphaerids
 Haplosporidia
 Haptophytes
 Hemimastigophora
 Heterolobosea
 Kathablepharids
 Komokiacea
 Mesomycetozoa
 Nucleariids
 Opisthokonts
 Oxymonadida
 Pansomonadida
 Parabasalids
 Paramyxea
 Pelobionts and entamoebae
 Phaeodarea
 Plasmodiophorids
 Polycystina
 Ramicristates
 Residua
 Rhodophyta
 Schizoclades
 Spongomonads
 Stephanopogonidae
 Stramenopiles
 Taxopodids
 Telonemidae
 Thaumatomonads
 Vampyrellids
 Viridaeplantae


Oxnerella
, from American Type Culture Collection


Raphidiophrys
, from Freshwater and Terrestrial Microbes of Idaho (USA) and Elsewhere


Acanthocystis aculeata
, from Freshwater and Terrestrial Microbes of Idaho (USA) and Elsewhere


Pterocystis erinaceoides
, from Micrographs of centrohelid scales
Description of Centroheliozoa:
Circumscription: The centrohelids, one of several groups previously assigned to the Heliozoa that are now regarded as polyphyletic. Round bodied with stiff radiating arms (axopodia) supported internally by microtubules and with extrusomes that are quite easy to see. Cell surface naked or with organic or siliceous spines and/or scales. Some species with symbiotic algae. No flagellated stages known, may form cysts. Ultrastructural identity: Mitochondria with lamellate flat cristae. Microtubules of radiating axonemes in hexagon with triangle arrangement and arising from a multilamellate microtubule organizing centre, extrusomes with ball-and-cone organization. Radiating system of lacunae near cell surface. Many conventional. dictyosomes dispersed in cytoplasm. Siliceous elements of periplast created within silicon deposition vesicles. Synapomorphy: Platycristate heliozoa with multilamellate microtubule organizing centre faced with hemispherical structures giving rise to axonemes of microtubules arranged in hexagons and triangles. Composition: About 85 species; Family Heterophryidae (Cienkowskya, Oxnerella, Sphaerastrum, Heterophrys), Family Raphidiophryidae (Parasphaerastrum, Polyplacocystis, Raphidiophrys, Raphidocystis,) Family Acanthocystidae (Pseudoraphidocystis, Pseudoraphidiophrys, Pterocystis, Echinocystis, Choanocystis, Acanthocystis).


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